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People Counting by Dense WiFi MIMO Networks: Channel Features and Machine Learning Algorithms
2019
Sensors
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In this paper, we investigate the problem of transforming an unmodified WiFi radio infrastructure into a flexible sensing system for passive subject counting. ...
The proposed approach for passive counting gives detection results with 99% average accuracy. ...
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. ...
doi:10.3390/s19163450
fatcat:gudjyldyyfenrblbl4nk2736hu
Multi-source Multi-scale Counting in Extremely Dense Crowd Images
2013
2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
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Instead, our approach relies on multiple sources such as low confidence head detections, repetition of texture elements (using SIFT), and frequency-domain analysis to estimate counts, along with confidence ...
We propose to leverage multiple sources of information to compute an estimate of the number of individuals present in an extremely dense crowd visible in a single image. ...
This material is based upon work supported in part by, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number W911NF-09-1-0255. ...
doi:10.1109/cvpr.2013.329
dblp:conf/cvpr/IdreesSSS13
fatcat:5qfqdxwngffqrejshq6tesi5r4
Estimating the Number of People in Crowded Scenes Based on Energy in Frequency Domain
[chapter]
2011
Communications in Computer and Information Science
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A method of estimating the number of people in crowded scenes was proposed based on energy of the foreground image in the frequency domain. ...
Keywords: estimation of number of people, wavelet decomposition, energy in frequency domain, the least square method. ...
[2] proposed Bayesian-Poisson regression for crowd counting and Ref. ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23220-6_69
fatcat:zdhb3v635vbr7ki3x5pjeoc5ve
A Novel Device-Free Counting Method Based on Channel Status Information
2018
Sensors
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At the same experimental environment, the accuracy of the proposed CSI-based method is compared with a renowned crowd counting one, i.e., Electronic Frog Eye: Counting Crowd Using WiFi (FCC). ...
The wavelet domain denoising is introduced to mitigate environment noise. Furthermore, the amplitude or phase covariance matrix is extracted as the eigenmatrix. ...
W.H. provided supervision and guidance during the work and did the project management. W.K. helped T.P. to improve the quality of the work. Y.L. validated the idea to the work. ...
doi:10.3390/s18113981
fatcat:s6qih3r2izdcxoqr5lpcuwfuce
Statistical T+2d Subband Modelling for Crowd Counting
2018
2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
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Counting people automatically in a crowded scenario is important to assess safety and to determine behaviour in surveillance operations. ...
We compare our approach to existing crowd counting approaches and show improvement on standard benchmark sequences, demonstrating the robustness of the extracted features. ...
Here, we concentrate on the problem of counting the number of people in a crowd, which is important in safety and surveillance operations. ...
doi:10.1109/icassp.2018.8462345
dblp:conf/icassp/BhowmikW18
fatcat:konwhadvovafbnp7pf537vxdw4
Determination of Bus Crowding Coefficient Based on Passenger Flow Forecasting
2019
Journal of Advanced Transportation
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According to the predicted number of passengers in the bus, the passenger density and loading frequency were calculated, which were imported into the cloud generator to set up the bus crowd coefficient ...
To improve bus passengers' degree of comfort, it is necessary to determine the real-time crowd coefficient in the bus. ...
Acknowledgments This study is supported by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Research Projects (JDL2017034). ...
doi:10.1155/2019/2751916
fatcat:hshrkyigjrg5zcsiplirjglhxi
Domain-General Crowd Counting in Unseen Scenarios
[article]
2023
arXiv
pre-print
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This falls into the realm of domain generalization that remains unexplored in crowd counting. ...
Domain shift across crowd data severely hinders crowd counting models to generalize to unseen scenarios. ...
Introduction Crowd counting, which aims to automatically count the number of crowd instances in images/videos, is an essential task in computer vision. ...
arXiv:2212.02573v2
fatcat:ldqc2mb7mjbmfnbg3t7vqwh7ie
Bi-level Alignment for Cross-Domain Crowd Counting
[article]
2022
arXiv
pre-print
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We evaluate our approach on five real-world crowd counting benchmarks, where we outperform existing approaches by a large margin. ...
In contrast to previous domain augmentation methods, we introduce AutoML to search for an optimal transform on source, which well serves for the downstream task. ...
Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the "111" Program B13022, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30920032201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China ...
arXiv:2205.05844v1
fatcat:5icmz6yzprdsvadepqof6xxusu
Device-Free Crowd Counting Using Multi-Link Wi-Fi CSI Descriptors in Doppler Spectrum
2021
Electronics
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patterns, we can estimate the number of people in such a given space. ...
Measuring the quantity of people in a given space has many applications, ranging from marketing to safety. ...
Freecount: Device-Free Crowd Counting with Commodity Wi-Fi FreeCount [67] is a high-accuracy system for crowd counting that uses a set of features of three kinds: statistics, frequency domain and shape ...
doi:10.3390/electronics10030315
fatcat:f5ksgdlicjegdevrih5pshhi4e
LTE Signals for Device-Free Crowd Density Estimation Through CSI Secant Set and SVD
2019
IEEE Access
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The rising need of crowd monitoring in public spaces, especially for safety purposes, pushes the research community to propose and experiment novel methods of crowd density estimation. ...
INDEX TERMS Crowd counting, LTE, passive device-free crowd density estimation, CSI, RF sensing, human sensing, singular value decomposition. ...
The minimum resource unit is called Resource Element (RE) and consists of one OFDM subcarrier in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain. ...
doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948273
fatcat:62fdwr4q3jbffhgvbcemjoz7ky
Electronic frog eye: Counting crowd using WiFi
2014
IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications
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Crowd counting, which count or accurately estimate the number of human beings within a region, is critical in many applications, such as guided tour and crowd control. ...
In this paper, we present FCC, a device-Free Crowd Counting approach based on Channel State Information (CSI). ...
The 30 groups of CSI represent the channel response in frequency domain, which is about one group per two subcarriers. ...
doi:10.1109/infocom.2014.6847958
dblp:conf/infocom/XiZLZTLJ14
fatcat:2z52f34h4rgxbiwojhax7e4m6a
Enhanced Approach Using Reduced SBTFD Features and Modified Individual Behavior Estimation for Crowd Condition Prediction
2019
Entropy
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time-frequency domain (SBTFD) features, and enhanced individual behavior estimation (IBEenhcaf). ...
Sensor technology provides the real-time monitoring of data in several scenarios that contribute to the improved security of life and property. ...
TDFD Time domain -frequency domain Produce an efficient performance for individual's representation in the crowd [6, 14] . ...
doi:10.3390/e21050487
pmid:33267201
fatcat:6wyrxk6ezzcgfpkst3q6d3t6ge
ECC: Passenger Counting in the Elevator Using Commodity WiFi
2022
Applied Sciences
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This paper proposes a passenger counting approach in the elevator for regular counterweight adjustment based on commodity WiFi called ECC. ...
Since the running time of the elevator between two adjacent floors is short, the major challenge of ECC is how to count passengers from the limited captured data. ...
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in the frequency domain is modeled as Y = H r X + N v . ...
doi:10.3390/app12147321
fatcat:nnvki7ti7fbupilmysepgysmpq
One and Two Photon Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy on Proteins in Glucose Solutions
2013
Biophysical Journal
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the type of crowding agents. ...
EGFP diffusion in synthetic (Ficoll-70, Ficoll-400) and proteins (bovine serum albumin, BSA, and ovalbumin) biomimetic crowding. ...
Different techniques are used to collect the original data either in the time domain or in the frequency domain. ...
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1925
fatcat:6holiqtfy5dbxpqqriocjxvg2m
CNN-based Density Estimation and Crowd Counting: A Survey
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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In the various object counting tasks, crowd counting is particularly prominent due to its specific significance to social security and development. ...
In these works, they are must be helpful for the development of crowd counting. However, the question we should consider is why they are effective for this task. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. ...
arXiv:2003.12783v1
fatcat:uqsoismxkzft7audwvdpr3dt7q
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