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Flaw-driven Failure in Nanostructures
[article]
2013
arXiv
pre-print
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Understanding failure in nanomaterials is critical for the design of reliable structural materials and small-scale devices that have components or microstructural elements at the nanometer length scale. No consensus exists on the effect of flaws on fracture in bulk nanostructured materials or in nanostructures. Proposed theories include nanoscale flaw tolerance and maintaining macroscopic fracture relationships at the nanoscale with virtually no experimental support. We explore fracture
arXiv:1307.3182v1
fatcat:mzmg6drswbhvtez7zlfvioqkhe
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... ms in nanomaterials via nanomechanical experiments on nanostructures with pre-fabricated surface flaws in combination with molecular dynamics simulations. Nanocrystalline Pt cylinders with diameters of 120 nm with intentionally introduced surface notches were created using a template-assisted electroplating method and tested in uniaxial tension in in-situ SEM. Experiments demonstrate that 8 out of 12 samples failed at the notches and that tensile failure strengths were 1.8 GPa regardless of whether failure occurred at or away from the flaw. These findings suggest that failure location was sensitive to the presence of flaws, while strength was flaw-insensitive. Molecular dynamics simulations support these observations and show that incipient plastic deformation commences via nucleation and motion of dislocations in concert with grain boundary sliding. We postulate that such local plasticity reduces stress concentration ahead of the flaw to levels comparable with the strengths of intrinsic microstructural features like grain boundary triple junctions, a phenomenon unique to nano-scale solids that contain an internal microstructural energy landscape. This mechanism causes failure to occur at the weakest link, be it an internal inhomogeneity or a surface feature with a high local stress.
Verifying Multipartite Entangled GHZ States via Multiple Quantum Coherences
[article]
2019
arXiv
pre-print
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X U φ |0 X U φ D |0 0 • X U φ • |0 1 • X U φ • |0 2 • X U φ • |0 3 X U φ |0 4 X U φ |0 5 H • • • X U φ • • • H |0 6 • X U φ • |0 7 • X U φ • |0 8 • X U φ • |0 9 • X U φ • |0 10 • • X U φ • • |0 11 • X ...
U φ • |0 12 • X U φ • |0 13 • X U φ • |0 14 X U φ |0 15 • X U φ • |0 16 • X U φ • |0 17 X U φ FIG. 2. ...
arXiv:1905.05720v1
fatcat:yt6nw7tuq5hpvmc4ugwuujqqzu
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy from ions at charged vapor/water interfaces
2009
Journal of Applied Physics
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2009 pre-print arXiv:0905.0475v1 fatcat:b2zkrfihqnhihfazois6kjieta
X-ray fluorescence spectra from monovalent ions (Cs+) that accumulate from dilute solutions to form an ion-rich layer near a charged Langmuir monolayer are presented. ...
The fluorescent spectra collected as a function of incident x-ray energy near the LIII edge yield the extended absorption spectra from the ions, and are compared to recent independent results. ...
doi:10.1063/1.3117487
fatcat:673hj3fbcjdelcomqnfp3h3jui
Ion distributions at charged aqueous surfaces by near-resonance X-ray spectroscopy
2006
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
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spectroscopy
ISSN 0909-0495
Wei Bu, Philip J. ...
Ryan and David Vaknin*
Received 4 August 2006
Accepted 21 September 2006
Ames Laboratory, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, ...
doi:10.1107/s0909049506038635
pmid:17057322
fatcat:c7ywstzh6nbxpkctt4rwc42odu
Distinctive gene expression profiles associated with Hepatitis B virus x protein
2001
Oncogene
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We also found that apoptosis-related genes such as Bcl-X L DAD1, Fas, Caspase4 and pdcd2 were upregulated in these samples. ...
On the contrary, 13 genes including TGFb2, Survivin and Bcl-X L were upregulated in Hhep cells, but downregulated in SK-Hep-1 cells (group D). ...
doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204481
pmid:11439330
fatcat:lbepu2tvknbe3bl3acyaskwydu
PROBING SHOCK PROPERTIES WITH NONTHERMAL X-RAY FILAMENTS IN CAS A
2010
Astrophysical Journal
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Thin non-thermal X-ray filaments are often seen in young supernova remnants. ...
For all the cases that we examined, the X-ray spectrum across the filaments hardens, at about 10% level, going outward, while observed filament widths depend only weakly on the photon energy. ...
This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive and the Chandra Source Catalog, and software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in the application package CIAO. ...
doi:10.1088/0004-637x/714/1/396
fatcat:nrd5updvnjh2bjjswirvdzu3gq
Predicting DNA Hybridization Kinetics from Sequence
[article]
2017
bioRxiv
pre-print
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There is a patent pending on X-probes used in this work. There is a patent pending on the WNV model of hybridization rate constant prediction. ...
The authors thank Sherry X. Chen for assistance with NGS sequence alignment. This work was funded by NIH grant R01HG008752 to DYZ. Author contributions. JXZ, LRW, and DYZ conceived the project. ...
The final 6-feature WNV model (green X) comprise the 6 features from the 8-feature model with the largest weights. ...
doi:10.1101/149427
fatcat:5orulguqgjhidmdx5o4ufclkeq
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the sialyl Lewis X glycan and its derivatives
2010
Carbohydrate Research
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A combination of recombinant FKP and α-(1→3)-fucosyltransferase allows the facile synthesis of the sialyl Lewis X tetrasaccharide glycan and its derivatives in excellent yield. ...
Currently, we are using this method to produce a sLe x library for fabricating glycan microarrays to profile sLe x -selectin interactions. ...
The rate of product formation is proportional to the rate of NADH oxidation, where one molecule of NADH is oxidized for each molecule of Le x or sLe x formed. ...
doi:10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.032
pmid:20435300
pmcid:PMC2945603
fatcat:nz3z52acyfg45kvvqi4r45iqwe
High-density model for server allocation and placement
2002
Performance Evaluation Review
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It is well known that optimal server placement is NP-hard. We present an approximate model for the case when both clients and servers are dense, and propose a simple server allocation and placement algorithm based on high-rate vector quantization theory. The key idea is to regard the location of a request as a random variable with probability density that is proportional to the demand at that location, and the problem of server placement as source coding, i.e., to optimally map a source value
doi:10.1145/511399.511354
fatcat:tcxyxlhmond33hykphewxirzui
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... equest location) to a codeword (server location) to minimize distortion (network cost). This view has led to a joint server allocation and placement algorithm that has a time-complexity that is linear in the number of clients. Simulations are presented to illustrate its performance.
Preferential affinity of calcium ions to charged phosphatidic-acid surface from a mixed calcium/barium solution: X-ray reflectivity and fluorescence studies
[article]
2009
arXiv
pre-print
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X-ray reflectivity and fluorescence near total reflection experiments were performed to examine the affinities of divalent ions (Ca^2+ and Ba^2+) from aqueous solution to a charged phosphatidic-acid (PA ...
arXiv:0901.2594v1
fatcat:korwq5karbfvxc7vmslqbtcsy4
Modelling and Stability of Fast TCP
[chapter]
2007
IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications
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Moreover, x * is the unique maximizer of max x≥0 i α i log x i subject to Rx ≤ c (2.8) and p * is the unique minimizer of the Lagrangian dual problem. ...
Let w i , p l , x i , q i , L(s) = DR f (s)Λ(s)XR T f (−s) (3.8) where D := diag 1 c l , X := diag(x i ), Λ(s) := diag e −Tis T i s T i s + γT i T i s + γq i . Proof. See Appendix A. ...
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48945-2_14
fatcat:re7hvxl3wfgn5ckk5eue2y3lci
FAST TCP: Motivation, Architecture, Algorithms, Performance
2006
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
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Hence, we define it in terms of x (k) which, by definition, always converges to x by the end of the interval k = m. ...
Note that (4) can be rewritten as (when (w ; q ) = , constant) w (t + 1) = w (t) + ( 0 x (t)q (t)) :From [44] , TCP Vegas updates its window according tow (t + 1) = w (t) + 1 T (t) sgn ( 0 x (t)q (t))where ...
doi:10.1109/tnet.2006.886335
fatcat:44kv2mbwqbhetbgjb2clf6pzcq
Single-shot picosecond resolution Fourier transform holographic microscopy with large field of view using a compact soft x-ray laser
2021
International Conference on X-Ray Lasers 2020
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The essentially full spatial coherence soft X-ray source with close to diffraction-limited divergence was implemented utilizing a dual-plasma amplifier scheme. ...
We demonstrate single-shot Fourier transform holography with a 7 µm diameter field of view and picosecond time resolution using a highly coherent ~5 ps pulse duration tabletop Ni-like molybdenum soft X-ray ...
The spatial spread for an 81nm FWHM Gaussian to rise from 10% to 90% of its peak value is Δx=58nm. ...
doi:10.1117/12.2594832
fatcat:kq3j4rksqva5jmupjhknp4v3u4
NS-2 TCP-Linux
2006
Proceeding from the 2006 workshop on ns-2: the IP network simulator - WNS2 '06
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time of different bottleneck bandwidths (log-log scale) Performance: Simulation time of different number of flows (log-log scale)
Figure 10 : 10 Performance: Memory usage of different number of flows (x-axle ...
doi:10.1145/1190455.1190463
fatcat:xv7if7okqbhotaqblqiym3lomq
Extracting the pair distribution function of liquids and liquid-vapor surfaces by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction mode
2008
Journal of Chemical Physics
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We show that the structure factor S(q) of water can be obtained from X-ray synchrotron experiments at grazing angle of incidence (in reflection mode) by using a liquid surface diffractometer. ...
The raw measured intensity I͑q͒ depends on variables such as the incident angle of the x-ray beam and on the x-ray wavelength. ...
surface and an azimuthal angle 2 measured from the X axis. ...
doi:10.1063/1.2953572
pmid:18681657
fatcat:mnwh5fw22raodll3nmtazmobcu
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