ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to acknowledge the help of Terry Jamison in the analysis of the impulse response data.  ...  The reference is typically a fixed frequency, but in some applications it may change over a wide frequency range. In any event, the VCO must be able to follow it.  ...  They can sweep a wide frequency range, but the output is usually noisy and drifts rapidly with temperature. This oscillator is frequently found in simple PLL ICs.  ... 

Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed.  ...  Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their  ...  The IEEE defines K band as the range from 18 to 27 GHz, while some authors define K band to span the range from 10.9 to 36 GHz, encompassing most of the IEEE's K u , K, and K a bands within a single band  ...