Multi-Static Target Detection and Power Allocation for Integrated Sensing and Communication in Cell-Free Massive MIMO
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by
Zinat Behdad, Özlem Tuğfe Demir, Ki Won Sung, Emil Björnson, Cicek Cavdar
2024
Abstract
This paper studies an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system
within a centralized cell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output)
network for target detection. ISAC transmit access points serve the user
equipments in the downlink and optionally steer a beam toward the target in a
multi-static sensing framework. A maximum a posteriori ratio test detector is
developed for target detection in the presence of clutter, so-called
target-free signals. Additionally, sensing spectral efficiency (SE) is
introduced as a key metric, capturing the impact of resource utilization in
ISAC. A power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the sensing
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio while ensuring minimum communication
requirements. Two ISAC configurations are studied: utilizing existing
communication beams for sensing and using additional sensing beams. The
proposed algorithm's efficiency is investigated in realistic and idealistic
scenarios, corresponding to the presence and absence of the target-free
channels, respectively. Despite performance degradation in the presence of
target-free channels, the proposed algorithm outperforms the
interference-unaware benchmark, leveraging clutter statistics. Comparisons with
a fully communication-centric algorithm reveal superior performance in both
cluttered and clutter-free environments. The incorporation of an extra sensing
beam enhances detection performance for lower radar cross-section variances.
Moreover, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated operation
of sensing and communication compared to an orthogonal resource-sharing
approach.
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