ABSTRACT
As we are within the era of the internet of things (IoT) its increasing integration to our everyday lives means that the devices involved produce massive amounts of data every second from billions of devices. The current approach used to handle this data is cloud computing. However because of its requirement of data centres this can become infeasible for the processing of data from IoT due to distance between these IoT smart objects (e.g., sensors) and the data centre. If this data holds any importance to minimal delay then the travel time between the end device and the clouds data centre could affect the relevance of that data. Therefore, to deal with these issues a new network paradigm placed closer to the IoT end devices is introduced called "Fog computing" to help address these challenges. If introduced effectively then fog computing can lead to the improvements in the quality of service (QoS) offered to systems that require the processing of delay sensitive data like healthcare systems that could benefit from the quick processing of data from sensors to allow the monitoring of patients. This paper has a main focus on healthcare systems. An architecture containing three layers; things (i.e., sensors), fog nodes and a cloud data centre is proposed alongside a framework incorporating this architecture. This framework offers collaboration among fog nodes with optimal management of resources and job allocation, which is able to achieve a high QoS (i.e., low latency) within the scenario of a healthcare system.
- A. M. Rahmani, T. N. Gia, B. Negash, A. Anzanpour, I. Azimi, M. Jiang, and P. Liljeberg, "Exploiting smart e-Health gateways at the edge of healthcare Internet-of-Things: A fog computing approach," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 78, pp. 641--658, 2018. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Evans, "The Internet of Things - How the Next Evolution of the Internet is Changing Everything," CISCO white paper, no. April, pp. 1--11, 2011.Google Scholar
- B. McMillin, "Secure Fog Computing for Smart Living," in Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference, vol. 1, p. 707, 2017.Google Scholar
- C. Mouradian, D. Naboulsi, S. Yangui, R. H. Glitho, M. J. Morrow, and P. A. Polakos, "A comprehensive survey on fog computing: State-of-the-art and research challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 20, pp. 416--464, Firstquarter 2018.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cisco Systems, "Fog Computing and the Internet of Things: Extend the Cloud to Where the Things Are," Www.Cisco.Com, p. 6, 2016.Google Scholar
- S. Yi, C. Li, and Q. Li, "A Survey of Fog Computing: Concepts, Applications and Issues," Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Mobile Big Data - Mobidata '15, pp. 37--42, 2015. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. Stojmenovic and S. Wen, "The Fog Computing Paradigm: Scenarios and Security Issues," Proceedings of the 2014 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. 2, pp. 1--8, 2014.Google Scholar
- M. Chiang and T. Zhang, "Fog and IoT: An Overview of Research Opportunities," 2016.Google Scholar
- F. Bonomi, R. Milito, J. Zhu, and S. Addepalli, "Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things" Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing, pp. 13--16, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Mukherjee, L. Shu, and D. Wang, "Survey of fog computing: Fundamental, network applications, and research challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, pp. 1--1, 2018.Google Scholar
- S. Sarkar, S. Chatterjee, and S. Misra, "Assessment of the Suitability of Fog Computing in the Context of Internet of Things," IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 46--59, 2018.Google Scholar
- K. Intharawijitr, K. Iida, and H. Koga, "Analysis of fog model considering computing and communication latency in 5G cellular networks," in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops, PerCom Workshops 2016, 2016.Google Scholar
- A. Yousefpour, G. Ishigaki, R. Gour, and J. P. Jue, "On Reducing IoT Service Delay via Fog Offloading," 2018.Google Scholar
- N. Abbas, Y. Zhang, A. Taherkordi, and T. Skeie, "Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, pp. 1--1, 2017.Google Scholar
- F. Aktas, C. Ceken, and Y. E. Erdemli, "Iot-based healthcare framework for biomedical applications," Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, Dec 2017.Google Scholar
- V. Cardellini, V. Grassi, F. L. Presti, and M. Nardelli, "On QoS-Aware scheduling of data stream applications over fog computing infrastructures," in Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, vol. 2016-February, pp. 271--276, 2016. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Dubey, J. Yang, N. Constant, A. M. Amiri, Q. Yang, and K. Mankodiya, "Fog data: Enhancing telehealth big data through fog computing," CoRR, vol. abs/1605.09437, 2015. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. N. Gia, M. Jiang, A. M. Rahmani, T. Westerlund, P. Liljeberg, and H. Tenhunen, "Fog computing in healthcare Internet of Things: A case study on ECG feature extraction," in Proceedings - 15th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT 2015, 14th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications, IUCC 2015, 13th IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, DASC 2015 and 13th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, PICom 2015, pp. 356--363, 2015.Google Scholar
- J. K. Zao, T. T. Gan, C. K. You, S. J. R. Mendez, C. E. Chung, Y. T. Wang, T. Mullen, and T. P. Jung, "Augmented brain computer interaction based on fog computing and linked data," in Proceedings - 2014 International Conference on Intelligent Environments, IE 2014, pp. 374--377, 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Aazam and E. N. Huh, "E-HAMC: Leveraging Fog computing for emergency alert service," in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops, PerCom Workshops 2015, pp. 518--523, 2015.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Towards fog driven IoT healthcare: challenges and framework of fog computing in healthcare
Recommendations
Cloud-Fog Interoperability in IoT-enabled Healthcare Solutions
ICDCN '18: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and NetworkingThe issue of utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare solutions relates to the problems of latency sensitivity, uneven data load, diverse user expectations and heterogeneity of the applications. Current explorations consider Cloud Computing as ...
Cloud, Fog, or Mist in IoT? That Is the Question
Special Issue on Fog, Edge, and Cloud IntegrationInternet of Things (IoT) has been commercially explored as Platforms as a Services (PaaS). The standard solution for this kind of service is to combine the Cloud computing infrastructure with IoT software, services, and protocols also known as CoT (...
Towards energy-aware fog-enabled cloud of things for healthcare
AbstractThe Internet-of-Things (IoT) represents the next groundbreaking change in information and communication technology (ICT) after the Internet. IoT is concerned with making everything connected and accessible through the Internet. However,...
Comments