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docs/powershell/TOC.md

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# [Install SQL PowerShell module](download-sql-server-ps-module.md)
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# Overview
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## [SQL Server PowerShell](sql-server-powershell.md)
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# [Query Expressions and Uniform Resource Names](query-expressions-and-uniform-resource-names.md)
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# [Load the SMO Assemblies in Windows PowerShell](load-the-smo-assemblies-in-windows-powershell.md)
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# [Run Windows PowerShell from SQL Server Management Studio](run-windows-powershell-from-sql-server-management-studio.md)
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# [Run Windows PowerShell Steps in SQL Server Agent](run-windows-powershell-steps-in-sql-server-agent.md)
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# [SQL Server PowerShell Provider](sql-server-powershell-provider.md)
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# [Navigate SQL Server PowerShell Paths](navigate-sql-server-powershell-paths.md)
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# [Work With SQL Server PowerShell Paths](work-with-sql-server-powershell-paths.md)
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# [SQL Server Identifiers in PowerShell](sql-server-identifiers-in-powershell.md)
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# [Specify Instances in the SQL Server PowerShell Provider](specify-instances-in-the-sql-server-powershell-provider.md)
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# [Encode and Decode SQL Server Identifiers](encode-and-decode-sql-server-identifiers.md)
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# [Escape SQL Server Identifiers](escape-sql-server-identifiers.md)
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# [Manage Authentication in Database Engine PowerShell](manage-authentication-in-database-engine-powershell.md)
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# [Manage Tab Completion (SQL Server PowerShell)](manage-tab-completion-sql-server-powershell.md)
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# Concepts
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## [SQL Server PowerShell Provider](sql-server-powershell-provider.md)
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## [Query Expressions and Uniform Resource Names](query-expressions-and-uniform-resource-names.md)
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# Quickstarts
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# Tutorials
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# Samples
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# Concepts
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# How-to guides
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## [Access SQL Server Objects](navigate-sql-server-powershell-paths.md)
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## [Load the SMO Assemblies in Windows PowerShell](load-the-smo-assemblies-in-windows-powershell.md)
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## [Run PowerShell in SSMS](run-windows-powershell-from-sql-server-management-studio.md)
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## [Run PowerShell with SQL Server Agent](run-windows-powershell-steps-in-sql-server-agent.md)
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## [Work With SQL Server PowerShell Paths](work-with-sql-server-powershell-paths.md)
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## [SQL Server Identifiers in PowerShell](sql-server-identifiers-in-powershell.md)
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### [Specify Instances in the SQL Server PowerShell Provider](specify-instances-in-the-sql-server-powershell-provider.md)
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### [Encode and Decode SQL Server Identifiers](encode-and-decode-sql-server-identifiers.md)
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### [Escape SQL Server Identifiers](escape-sql-server-identifiers.md)
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## [Manage Authentication in Database Engine PowerShell](manage-authentication-in-database-engine-powershell.md)
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## [Manage Tab Completion (SQL Server PowerShell)](manage-tab-completion-sql-server-powershell.md)
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# Reference
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## [Sqlserver module reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/sqlserver/?toc=/sql/powershell/toc.json)
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## [Sqlps module reference](https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/sqlps/?toc=/sql/powershell/toc.json)

docs/powershell/download-sql-server-ps-module.md

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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "01/05/2018"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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ms.prod_service: "sql-tools"
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ms.prod_service: "powershell"
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ms.service: ""
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ms.component: "ssms"
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ms.component: "powershell"
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ms.reviewer: ""
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ms.suite: "sql"
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ms.technology:
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- "tools-ssms"
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- "database-engine"
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ms.tgt_pltfrm: ""
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ms.topic: "article"
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keywords:

docs/powershell/encode-and-decode-sql-server-identifiers.md

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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/14/2017"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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ms.prod_service: "sql-tools"
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ms.prod_service: "powershell"
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ms.service: ""
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ms.component: "powershell"
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---
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# Encode and Decode SQL Server Identifiers
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[!INCLUDE[appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md](../includes/appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md.md)]
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SQL Server-delimited identifiers sometimes contain characters not supported in Windows PowerShell paths. These characters can be specified by encoding their hexadecimal values.
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SQL Server-delimited identifiers sometimes contain characters not supported in Windows PowerShell paths. These characters can be specified by encoding their hexadecimal values.
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> [!NOTE]
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> There are two SQL Server PowerShell modules; **SqlServer** and **SQLPS**. The **SQLPS** module is included with the SQL Server installation (for backwards compatability), but is no longer being updated. The most up-to-date PowerShell module is the **SqlServer** module. The **SqlServer** module contains updated versions of the cmdlets in **SQLPS**, and also includes new cmdlets to support the latest SQL features.
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> To install the **SqlServer** module, see [Install SQL Server PowerShell](download-sql-server-ps-module.md).
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1. **Before you begin:** [Limitations and Restrictions](#LimitationsRestrictions)
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2. **To process special characters:** [Encoding an Identifier](#EncodeIdent), [Decoding an Identifier](#DecodeIdent)
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## Before You Begin
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Characters that are not supported in Windows PowerShell path names can be represented, or encoded, as the "%" character followed by the hexadecimal value for the bit pattern that represents the character, as in "**%**xx". Encoding can always be used to handle characters that are not supported in Windows PowerShell paths.
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Characters that are not supported in Windows PowerShell path names can be represented, or encoded, as the "%" character followed by the hexadecimal value for the bit pattern that represents the character, as in "**%**xx". Encoding can always be used to handle characters that are not supported in Windows PowerShell paths.
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The **Encode-SqlName** cmdlet takes as input a [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] identifier. It outputs a string with all the characters that are not supported by the Windows PowerShell language encoded with "%xx". The **Decode-SqlName** cmdlet takes as input an encoded [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] identifier and returns the original identifier.
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### <a name="LimitationsRestrictions"></a> Limitations and Restrictions
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## <a name="LimitationsRestrictions"></a> Limitations and Restrictions
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The **Encode-Sqlname** and **Decode-Sqlname** cmdlets only encode or decode the characters that are allowed in SQL Server-delimited identifiers, but are not supported in PowerShell paths. The following are the characters encoded by **Encode-SqlName** and decoded by **Decode-SqlName**:
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docs/powershell/escape-sql-server-identifiers.md

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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/14/2017"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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ms.prod_service: "sql-tools"
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ms.prod_service: "powershell"
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ms.service: ""
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ms.component: "powershell"
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---
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# Escape SQL Server Identifiers
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[!INCLUDE[appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md](../includes/appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md.md)]
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You can often use the Windows PowerShell back-tick escape character (`) to escape characters that are allowed in [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] delimited identifiers but not Windows PowerShell path names. Some characters, however, cannot be escaped. For example, you cannot escape the colon character (:) in Windows PowerShell. Identifiers with that character must be encoded. Encoding is more reliable than escaping because encoding works for all characters.
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## Before You Begin
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The back-tick character (`) is usually on the key in the upper left of the keyboard, under the ESC key.
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You can often use the back-tick escape character (`) to escape characters that are allowed in [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] delimited identifiers but not Windows PowerShell path names. Some characters, however, cannot be escaped. For example, you cannot escape the colon character (:) in Windows PowerShell. Identifiers with that character must be encoded. Encoding is more reliable than escaping because encoding works for all characters.
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> [!NOTE]
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> There are two SQL Server PowerShell modules; **SqlServer** and **SQLPS**. The **SQLPS** module is included with the SQL Server installation (for backwards compatability), but is no longer being updated. The most up-to-date PowerShell module is the **SqlServer** module. The **SqlServer** module contains updated versions of the cmdlets in **SQLPS**, and also includes new cmdlets to support the latest SQL features.
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> To install the **SqlServer** module, see [Install SQL Server PowerShell](download-sql-server-ps-module.md).
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The back-tick character (`) is usually on the key in the upper left of the keyboard, under the ESC key.
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## Examples
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This is an example of escaping a # character:

docs/powershell/load-the-smo-assemblies-in-windows-powershell.md

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# Load the SMO Assemblies in Windows PowerShell
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[!INCLUDE[appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md](../includes/appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md.md)]
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This article describes how to load the SQL Server Management Object (SMO) assemblies in Windows PowerShell scripts that do not use the SQL Server PowerShell provider.
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This article describes how to load the SQL Server Management Object (SMO) assemblies in Windows PowerShell scripts that do not use the SQL Server PowerShell provider.
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## Before You Begin
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The preferred mechanism for loading the SMO assemblies is to load the **sqlps** module. The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] provider included in the module automatically loads the SMO assemblies, and also implements features that extend the usefulness of the SMO objects in PowerShell scripts.
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> [!NOTE]
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> There are two SQL Server PowerShell modules; **SqlServer** and **SQLPS**. The **SQLPS** module is included with the SQL Server installation (for backwards compatability), but is no longer being updated. The most up-to-date PowerShell module is the **SqlServer** module. The **SqlServer** module contains updated versions of the cmdlets in **SQLPS**, and also includes new cmdlets to support the latest SQL features.
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> To install the **SqlServer** module, see [Install SQL Server PowerShell](download-sql-server-ps-module.md).
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The preferred mechanism for loading the SMO assemblies is to load the **SqlServer** module. The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] provider included in the module automatically loads the SMO assemblies, and also implements features that extend the usefulness of the SMO objects in PowerShell scripts.
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There are two cases where you may need to load the SMO assemblies directly:
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There are two cases where you may need to load the SMO assemblies directly:
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- If your script references a SMO object before the first command that references the provider or cmdlets from the [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] snap-ins.
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docs/powershell/manage-authentication-in-database-engine-powershell.md

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# Manage Authentication in Database Engine PowerShell
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[!INCLUDE[appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md](../includes/appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md.md)]
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By default, the [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] PowerShell components use Windows Authentication when connecting to an instance of the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)]. You can use SQL Server Authentication by either defining a PowerShell virtual drive, or by specifying the **–Username** and **–Password** parameters for **Invoke-Sqlcmd**.
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By default, the [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] PowerShell components use Windows Authentication when connecting to an instance of the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)]. You can use SQL Server Authentication by either defining a PowerShell virtual drive, or by specifying the **–Username** and **–Password** parameters for **Invoke-Sqlcmd**.
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1. **Before you begin:** [Permissions](#Permissions)
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2. **To set authentication, using:** [A Virtual Drive](#SQLAuthVirtDrv), [Invoke-Sqlcmd](#SQLAuthInvSqlCmd)
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> [!NOTE]
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> There are two SQL Server PowerShell modules; **SqlServer** and **SQLPS**. The **SQLPS** module is included with the SQL Server installation (for backwards compatability), but is no longer being updated. The most up-to-date PowerShell module is the **SqlServer** module. The **SqlServer** module contains updated versions of the cmdlets in **SQLPS**, and also includes new cmdlets to support the latest SQL features.
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> To install the **SqlServer** module, see [Install SQL Server PowerShell](download-sql-server-ps-module.md).
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## <a name="Permissions"></a> Permissions
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All actions you can perform in an instance of the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)] are controlled by the permissions granted to the authentication credentials used to connect to the instance. By default, the [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] provider and cmdlets use the Windows account under which it is running to make a Windows Authentication connection to the [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)].

docs/powershell/manage-tab-completion-sql-server-powershell.md

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# Manage Tab Completion (SQL Server PowerShell)
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[!INCLUDE[appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md](../includes/appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md.md)]
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The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] PowerShell snap-ins introduce three variables (**$SqlServerMaximumTabCompletion**, **$SqlServerMaximumChildItems**, and **$SqlServerIncludeSystemObjects**) to control Windows PowerShell tab completion. Tab completion reduces the amount of typing you must do by returning tables of items whose names start with the string you are typing.
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The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] PowerShell snap-ins introduce three variables (**$SqlServerMaximumTabCompletion**, **$SqlServerMaximumChildItems**, and **$SqlServerIncludeSystemObjects**) to control Windows PowerShell tab completion. Tab completion reduces the amount of typing you must do by returning tables of items whose names start with the string you are typing.
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> [!NOTE]
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> There are two SQL Server PowerShell modules; **SqlServer** and **SQLPS**. The **SQLPS** module is included with the SQL Server installation (for backwards compatability), but is no longer being updated. The most up-to-date PowerShell module is the **SqlServer** module. The **SqlServer** module contains updated versions of the cmdlets in **SQLPS**, and also includes new cmdlets to support the latest SQL features.
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> To install the **SqlServer** module, see [Install SQL Server PowerShell](download-sql-server-ps-module.md).
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With Windows PowerShell tab-completion, when you have typed part of a path or cmdlet name, you can hit the Tab key to get a list of the items whose names match what you have already typed. You can then select the item you want from the list without having to type the rest of the name.
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With Windows PowerShell tab-completion, when you have typed part of a path or cmdlet name, you can hit the Tab key to get a list of the items whose names match what you have already typed. You can then select the item you want from the list without having to type the rest of the name.
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If you are working in a database that has a lot of objects, the tab-completion lists can become very large. Some [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] object types, such as views, also have large numbers of system objects.
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If you are working in a database that has a lot of objects, the tab-completion lists can become very large. Some [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] object types, such as views, also have large numbers of system objects.
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The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] snap-ins introduces three system variables that you can use to control the amount of information presented by tab-completion and **Get-ChildItem**.
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The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] snap-ins introduces three system variables that you can use to control the amount of information presented by tab-completion and **Get-ChildItem**.
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**$SqlServerMaximumTabCompletion =** *n*
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Specifies the maximum number of objects to include in a tab-completion list. If you select Tab at a path node having more than *n* objects, the tab-completion list is truncated at *n*. *n* is an integer. 0 is the default setting, and means there is no limit to the number of objects listed.

docs/powershell/navigate-sql-server-powershell-paths.md

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# Navigate SQL Server PowerShell Paths
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[!INCLUDE[appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md](../includes/appliesto-ss-asdb-asdw-pdw-md.md)]
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The [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)] PowerShell provider exposes the set of objects in an instance of SQL Server in a structure similar to a file path. You can use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to navigate the provider path, and create custom drives to shorten the path you have to type.
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## Before You Begin
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Windows PowerShell implements cmdlets to navigate the path structure that represent the hierarchy of objects supported by a PowerShell provider. When you have navigated to a node in the path, you can use other cmdlets to perform basic operations on the current object. Because the cmdlets are used frequently, they have short, canonical aliases. There is also one set of aliases that maps the cmdlets to similar command prompt commands, and another set for UNIX shell commands.
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The [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../includes/ssde-md.md)] PowerShell provider exposes the set of objects in an instance of SQL Server in a structure similar to a file path. You can use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to navigate the provider path, and create custom drives to shorten the path you have to type.
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> [!NOTE]
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> There are two SQL Server PowerShell modules; **SqlServer** and **SQLPS**. The **SQLPS** module is included with the SQL Server installation (for backwards compatability), but is no longer being updated. The most up-to-date PowerShell module is the **SqlServer** module. The **SqlServer** module contains updated versions of the cmdlets in **SQLPS**, and also includes new cmdlets to support the latest SQL features.
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> To install the **SqlServer** module, see [Install SQL Server PowerShell](download-sql-server-ps-module.md).
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Windows PowerShell implements cmdlets to navigate the path structure that represent the hierarchy of objects supported by a PowerShell provider. When you have navigated to a node in the path, you can use other cmdlets to perform basic operations on the current object. Because the cmdlets are used frequently, they have short, canonical aliases. There is also one set of aliases that maps the cmdlets to similar command prompt commands, and another set for UNIX shell commands.
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The [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] provider implements a subset of the provider cmdlets, shown in the following table:
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