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Merge pull request #30249 from rwestMSFT/rw-0401-fix-9742-9743
Refresh UPDATE STATISTICS article and include PRs 9742 and 9743
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‎docs/relational-databases/statistics/update-statistics.md‎

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---
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title: Update Statistics
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title: Update statistics
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description: Learn how to update query optimization statistics on a table or indexed view in SQL Server by using SQL Server Management Studio or Transact-SQL.
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author: WilliamDAssafMSFT
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ms.author: wiassaf
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ms.reviewer: derekw
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ms.date: "03/14/2017"
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ms.reviewer: derekw, randolphwest
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ms.date: 04/01/2024
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ms.service: sql
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ms.subservice: performance
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ms.topic: conceptual
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helpviewer_keywords:
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- "updating statistics"
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- "statistics [SQL Server], updating"
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monikerRange: ">=aps-pdw-2016||=azuresqldb-current||=azure-sqldw-latest||>=sql-server-2016||>=sql-server-linux-2017||=azuresqldb-mi-current"
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monikerRange: ">=aps-pdw-2016 || =azuresqldb-current || =azure-sqldw-latest || >=sql-server-2016 || >=sql-server-linux-2017 || =azuresqldb-mi-current"
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---
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# Update Statistics
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[!INCLUDE[SQL Server Azure SQL Database Synapse Analytics PDW](../../includes/applies-to-version/sql-asdb-asdbmi-asa-pdw.md)]
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You can update query optimization statistics on a table or indexed view in [!INCLUDE[ssnoversion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] by using [!INCLUDE[ssManStudioFull](../../includes/ssmanstudiofull-md.md)] or [!INCLUDE[tsql](../../includes/tsql-md.md)]. By default, the query optimizer already updates statistics as necessary to improve the query plan; in some cases you can improve query performance by using UPDATE STATISTICS or the stored procedure `sp_updatestats` to update statistics more frequently than the default updates.
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Updating statistics ensures that queries compile with up-to-date statistics. However, updating statistics causes queries to recompile. We recommend not updating statistics too frequently because there is a performance tradeoff between improving query plans and the time it takes to recompile queries. The specific tradeoffs depend on your application. UPDATE STATISTICS can use tempdb to sort the sample of rows for building statistics.
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**In This Topic**
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- **Before you begin:**
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[Security](#Security)
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- **To update a statistics object, using:**
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[SQL Server Management Studio](#SSMSProcedure)
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[Transact-SQL](#TsqlProcedure)
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## <a name="BeforeYouBegin"></a> Before You Begin
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### <a name="Security"></a> Security
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#### <a name="Permissions"></a> Permissions
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If using UPDATE STATISTICS or making changes through [!INCLUDE[ssManStudioFull](../../includes/ssmanstudiofull-md.md)], requires ALTER permission on the table or view. If using `sp_updatestats`, requires membership in the **sysadmin** fixed server role, or ownership of the database (**dbo**).
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## <a name="SSMSProcedure"></a> Using SQL Server Management Studio
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#### To update a statistics object
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1. In **Object Explorer**, click the plus sign to expand the database in which you want to update the statistic.
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2. Click the plus sign to expand the **Tables** folder.
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3. Click the plus sign to expand the table in which you want to update the statistic.
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4. Click the plus sign to expand the **Statistics** folder.
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5. Right-click the statistics object you wish to update and select **Properties**.
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6. In the **Statistics Properties -**_statistics\_name_ dialog box, select the **Update statistics for these columns** check box and then click **OK**.
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## <a name="TsqlProcedure"></a> Using Transact-SQL
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### To update a specific statistics object
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1. In **Object Explorer**, connect to an instance of [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)].
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2. On the Standard bar, click **New Query**.
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3. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and click **Execute**.
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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-- The following example updates the statistics for the AK_SalesOrderDetail_rowguid index of the SalesOrderDetail table.
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UPDATE STATISTICS Sales.SalesOrderDetail AK_SalesOrderDetail_rowguid;
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GO
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```
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### To update all statistics in a table
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1. In **Object Explorer**, connect to an instance of [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)].
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2. On the Standard bar, click **New Query**.
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3. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and click **Execute**.
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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# Update statistics
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[!INCLUDE [SQL Server Azure SQL Database Synapse Analytics PDW](../../includes/applies-to-version/sql-asdb-asdbmi-asa-pdw.md)]
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You can update query optimization statistics on a table or indexed view in [!INCLUDE [ssnoversion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] by using [!INCLUDE [ssManStudioFull](../../includes/ssmanstudiofull-md.md)] or [!INCLUDE [tsql](../../includes/tsql-md.md)]. By default, the query optimizer already updates statistics as necessary to improve the query plan; in some cases you can improve query performance by using `UPDATE STATISTICS` or the stored procedure `sp_updatestats` to update statistics more frequently than the default updates.
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Updating statistics ensures that queries compile with up-to-date statistics. However, updating statistics causes queries to recompile. We recommend not updating statistics too frequently, because there's a performance tradeoff between improving query plans and the time it takes to recompile queries. The specific tradeoffs depend on your application. `UPDATE STATISTICS` can use `tempdb` to sort the sample of rows for building statistics.
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## Permissions
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If using `UPDATE STATISTICS` or making changes through [!INCLUDE [ssManStudioFull](../../includes/ssmanstudiofull-md.md)], requires ALTER permission on the table or view. If using `sp_updatestats`, requires membership in the **sysadmin** fixed server role, or ownership of the database (**dbo**).
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## <a id="SSMSProcedure"></a> Use SQL Server Management Studio
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#### Update a statistics object
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1. In **Object Explorer**, select the plus sign to expand the database in which you want to update the statistic.
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1. Select the plus sign to expand the **Tables** folder.
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1. Select the plus sign to expand the table in which you want to update the statistic.
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1. Select the plus sign to expand the **Statistics** folder.
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1. Right-click the statistics object you wish to update and select **Properties**.
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1. In the **Statistics Properties -**_statistics\_name_ dialog box, select the **Update statistics for these columns** check box and then select **OK**.
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## <a id="TsqlProcedure"></a> Use Transact-SQL
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### Update a specific statistics object
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1. In **Object Explorer**, connect to an instance of [!INCLUDE [ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)].
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1. On the Standard bar, select **New Query**.
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1. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and select **Execute**.
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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-- The following example updates the statistics for the AK_SalesOrderDetail_rowguid index of the SalesOrderDetail table.
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UPDATE STATISTICS Sales.SalesOrderDetail AK_SalesOrderDetail_rowguid;
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GO
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```
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### Update all statistics in a table
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1. In **Object Explorer**, connect to an instance of [!INCLUDE [ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)].
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1. On the Standard bar, select **New Query**.
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1. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and select **Execute**.
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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-- The following example updates the statistics for all indexes on the SalesOrderDetail table.
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UPDATE STATISTICS Sales.SalesOrderDetail;
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GO
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```
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For more information, see [UPDATE STATISTICS &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../t-sql/statements/update-statistics-transact-sql.md).
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### To update all statistics in a database
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1. In **Object Explorer**, connect to an instance of [!INCLUDE[ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)].
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2. On the Standard bar, click **New Query**.
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3. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and click **Execute**.
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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-- The following example updates the statistics for all tables in the database.
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EXEC sp_updatestats;
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```
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UPDATE STATISTICS Sales.SalesOrderDetail;
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GO
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```
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For more information, see [UPDATE STATISTICS](../../t-sql/statements/update-statistics-transact-sql.md).
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### Update all statistics in a database
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1. In **Object Explorer**, connect to an instance of [!INCLUDE [ssDE](../../includes/ssde-md.md)].
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1. On the Standard bar, select **New Query**.
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1. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and select **Execute**.
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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-- The following example updates the statistics for all tables in the database.
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EXEC sp_updatestats;
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```
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### Automatic index and statistics management
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Leverage solutions such as [Adaptive Index Defrag](https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/tree/master/AdaptiveIndexDefrag) to automatically manage index defragmentation and statistics updates for one or more databases. This procedure automatically chooses whether to rebuild or reorganize an index according to its fragmentation level, amongst other parameters, and update statistics with a linear threshold.
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Use solutions such as [Adaptive Index Defrag](https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/tree/master/AdaptiveIndexDefrag) to automatically manage index defragmentation and statistics updates for one or more databases. This procedure automatically chooses whether to rebuild or reorganize an index according to its fragmentation level, among other parameters, and update statistics with a linear threshold.
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## Next steps
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## Related content
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For more information, see [UPDATE STATISTICS (Transact-SQL)](../../relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-updatestats-transact-sql.md).
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- [UPDATE STATISTICS (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/statements/update-statistics-transact-sql.md)

‎docs/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-updatestats-transact-sql.md‎

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author: markingmyname
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ms.author: maghan
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ms.reviewer: wiassaf, randolphwest
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ms.date: 11/02/2023
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ms.date: 04/01/2024
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ms.service: sql
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ms.subservice: system-objects
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ms.topic: "reference"
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#### [ @resample = ] 'resample'
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Specifies that `sp_updatestats` uses the RESAMPLE option of the [UPDATE STATISTICS](../../t-sql/statements/update-statistics-transact-sql.md) statement. If `resample` isn't specified, `sp_updatestats` updates statistics by using the default sampling. The `resample` argument is **varchar(8)** with a default value of `NO`.
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Specifies that `sp_updatestats` uses the `RESAMPLE` option of the [UPDATE STATISTICS](../../t-sql/statements/update-statistics-transact-sql.md) statement. If `resample` isn't specified, `sp_updatestats` updates statistics by using the default sampling. The `resample` argument is **varchar(8)** with a default value of `NO`.
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## Remarks
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`sp_updatestats` executes `UPDATE STATISTICS`, by specifying the `ALL` keyword, on all user-defined and internal tables in the database. `sp_updatestats` displays messages that indicate its progress. When the update is completed, it reports that statistics have been updated for all tables.
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`sp_updatestats` executes `UPDATE STATISTICS`, by specifying the `ALL` keyword, on all user-defined and internal tables in the database. `sp_updatestats` displays messages that indicate its progress. When the update is completed, it reports that statistics are updated for all tables.
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`sp_updatestats` updates statistics on disabled nonclustered indexes and doesn't update statistics on disabled clustered indexes.
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For disk-based tables, `sp_updatestats` updates statistics based on the `modification_counter` information in the [sys.dm_db_stats_properties](../system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-db-stats-properties-transact-sql.md) catalog view, updating statistics where at least one row has been modified. Statistics on memory-optimized tables are always updated when executing `sp_updatestats`. Therefore don't execute `sp_updatestats` more than necessary.
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For disk-based tables, `sp_updatestats` updates statistics based on the `modification_counter` information in the [sys.dm_db_stats_properties](../system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-db-stats-properties-transact-sql.md) catalog view, updating statistics where at least one row is modified. Statistics on memory-optimized tables are always updated when executing `sp_updatestats`. Therefore don't execute `sp_updatestats` more than necessary.
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`sp_updatestats` can trigger a recompile of stored procedures or other compiled code. However, `sp_updatestats` might not cause a recompile, if only one query plan is possible for the tables referenced and the indexes on them. A recompilation would be unnecessary in these cases even if statistics are updated.
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For databases with a compatibility level below 90, executing `sp_updatestats` doesn't preserve the latest NORECOMPUTE setting for specific statistics. For databases with a compatibility level of 90 or higher, `sp_updatestats` does preserve the latest NORECOMPUTE option for specific statistics. For more information about disabling and re-enabling statistics updates, see [Statistics](../statistics/statistics.md).
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`sp_updatestats` preserves the latest `NORECOMPUTE` option for specific statistics. For more information about disabling and re-enabling statistics updates, see [Statistics](../statistics/statistics.md).
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When restoring a database to [!INCLUDE [sssql22-md](../../includes/sssql22-md.md)] from a previous version, you should execute `sp_updatestats` on the database. This is related to setting proper metadata for the [statistics auto drop feature](../statistics/statistics.md#auto_drop-option) introduced in [!INCLUDE [sssql22-md](../../includes/sssql22-md.md)]. The auto drop feature is available in [!INCLUDE [ssazure-sqldb](../../includes/ssazure-sqldb.md)], [!INCLUDE [ssazuremi-md](../../includes/ssazuremi-md.md)], and starting with [!INCLUDE [ssSQL22](../../includes/sssql22-md.md)].
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