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docs/includes/ & lp/sql-server/, http://aka needs 's', not http://www.w3.org, CATS inspired.
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Publisher and distributor databases on Azure SQL Database require [Managed Instance](http://docs.microsoft.com/azure/sql-database/sql-database-managed-instance) for more information, see [Replication with Azure SQL Database](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/relational-databases/replication/replication-to-sql-database).
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Publisher and distributor databases on Azure SQL Database require [Managed Instance](https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/sql-database/sql-database-managed-instance) for more information, see [Replication with Azure SQL Database](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/relational-databases/replication/replication-to-sql-database).
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<Token>![Need help?](media/needhelp_person_icon.png) **Need help?** [MSDN Forum](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/sqlserver/en-US/home?forum=SQLServer2016), [Stackoverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server-2016), [Connect](https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/Feedback)</Token>
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<Token>![Need help?](media/needhelp_person_icon.png) **Need help?** [MSDN Forum](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/sqlserver/en-US/home?forum=SQLServer2016), [Stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server-2016), [Connect](https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/Feedback)</Token>

docs/includes/get-help-security.md

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- [UserVoice - Suggestion to improve SQL Server?](https://feedback.azure.com/forums/908035-sql-server)
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- [SQL Server Security - MSDN Forum](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/home?forum=sqlsecurity&filter=alltypes&sort=lastpostdesc)
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- [DBA Stack Exchange (tag sql-server) - ask SQL Server questions](https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/sql-server)
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- [Stack Overflow (tag sql-server) - also has some answers about SQL development](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server)
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- [Stack Overflow (tag sql-server) - also has some answers about SQL development](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/sql-server)
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- [Reddit - general discussion about SQL Server](https://www.reddit.com/r/SQLServer/)
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- [Microsoft SQL Server License Terms and Information](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=39299)
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- [Support options for business users](https://support.microsoft.com/gp/support-options-for-business)

docs/includes/getssmedia.md

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- **SQL Server Enterprise, Standard, and Express Editions** are licensed for production use. For Enterprise and Standard Editions, contact your software vendor for the installation media. You can find purchasing information and a directory of Microsoft partners on the [Microsoft purchasing website](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/products/sql-server/overview.aspx).
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- **Free editions** are available at [SQL Server Downloads](http://www.microsoft.com/sql-server/sql-server-downloads).
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- **Free editions** are available at [SQL Server Downloads](https://www.microsoft.com/sql-server/sql-server-downloads).

docs/includes/paragraph-content/get-help-options-msft-only.md

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- [UserVoice - Suggestion to improve SQL Server?](https://feedback.azure.com/forums/908035-sql-server)
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- [Setup and Upgrade - MSDN Forum](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/home?forum=sqlsetupandupgrade&filter=alltypes&sort=lastpostdesc)
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- [SQL Server Data Tools - MSDN forum](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/home?forum=ssdt&filter=alltypes&sort=lastpostdesc)
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- [Transaqt-SQL - MSDN forum](http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/home?forum=transactsql)
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- [Transaqt-SQL - MSDN forum](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/home?forum=transactsql)
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- [Microsoft SQL Server License Terms and Information](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=39299)
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- [Support options for business users](https://support.microsoft.com/gp/support-options-for-business)
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- [Contact Microsoft](https://support.microsoft.com/gp/contactus81?Audience=Commercial)

docs/includes/sql-server-ha-story.md

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This article provides an overview of business continuity solutions for high availability and disaster recovery in SQL Server.
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This article provides an overview of business continuity solutions for high availability and disaster recovery in SQL Server.
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One common task everyone deploying SQL Server has to account for is making sure that all mission critical SQL Server instances and the databases within them are available when the business and end users need them, whether that is 9 to 5 or around the clock. The goal is to keep the business up and running with minimal or no interruption. This concept is also known as business continuity.
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SQL Server 2017 introduces many new features or enhancements to existing ones, some of which are for availability. The biggest addition to SQL Server 2017 is the support for SQL Server on Linux distributions. For a full list of the new features in SQL Server 2017, see the topic [What's new in SQL Server](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/sql-server/what-s-new-in-sql-server-2017).
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SQL Server 2017 introduces many new features or enhancements to existing ones, some of which are for availability. The biggest addition to SQL Server 2017 is the support for SQL Server on Linux distributions. For a full list of the new features in SQL Server 2017, see the topic [What's new in SQL Server](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/sql-server/what-s-new-in-sql-server-2017).
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This article is focused on covering the availability scenarios in SQL Server 2017 as well as the new and enhanced availability features in SQL Server 2017. The scenarios include hybrid ones that will be able to span SQL Server deployments on both Windows Server and Linux, as well as ones that can increase the number of readable copies of a database. While this article does not cover availability options external to SQL Server, such as those provided by virtualization, everything discussed here applies to SQL Server installations inside a guest virtual machine whether in the public cloud or hosted by anon premises hypervisor server.
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* Migrations and upgrades
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* Scaling out readable copies of one or more databases
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Each section will discuss the relevant features that can be used for that particular scenario. The one feature not covered is [SQL Server replication](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/relational-databases/replication/sql-server-replication). While not officially designated as an availability feature under the Always On umbrella, it is often used for making data redundant in certain scenarios. Replication will be added to SQL Server on Linux in a future release.
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Each section will discuss the relevant features that can be used for that particular scenario. The one feature not covered is [SQL Server replication](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/relational-databases/replication/sql-server-replication). While not officially designated as an availability feature under the Always On umbrella, it is often used for making data redundant in certain scenarios. Replication will be added to SQL Server on Linux in a future release.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The SQL Server availability features do not replace the requirement to have a robust, well tested backup and restore strategy, the most fundamental building block of any availability solution.
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![Availability Group][AG]
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Outside of an availability group with a cluster type of none, an availability group requires that all replicas are part of the same underlying cluster whether it is a WSFC or Pacemaker. This means that in the picture above, the WSFC is stretched to work in two different data centers which adds complexity. regardless of the platform (Windows Server or Linux). Stretching clusters across distance adds complexity.
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Introduced in SQL Server 2016, a distributed availability group allows an availability group to span availability groups configured on different clusters. This decouples the requirement to have the nodes all participate in the same cluster, which makes configuring disaster recovery much easier. For more information on distributed availability groups, see [Distributed availability groups](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/distributed-availability-groups).
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Introduced in SQL Server 2016, a distributed availability group allows an availability group to span availability groups configured on different clusters. This decouples the requirement to have the nodes all participate in the same cluster, which makes configuring disaster recovery much easier. For more information on distributed availability groups, see [Distributed availability groups](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/distributed-availability-groups).
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![Distributed Availability Group][DAG]
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Availability groups can provide minimal downtime during patching of the underlying OS by manually failing over the primary to a secondary replica while the patching is being completed. From an operating system perspective, doing this would be more common on Windows Server since often, but not always, servicing the underlying OS may require a reboot. Patching Linux sometimes needs a reboot, but it can be infrequent.
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[Patching SQL Server instances participating in an availability group](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/upgrading-always-on-availability-group-replica-instances) can also minimize downtime depending on how complex the availability group architecture is. To patch servers participating in an availability group, a secondary replica is patched first. Once the right number of replicas are patched, the primary replica is manually failed over to another node to do the upgrade. Any remaining secondary replicas at that point can be upgraded, too.
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[Patching SQL Server instances participating in an availability group](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/upgrading-always-on-availability-group-replica-instances) can also minimize downtime depending on how complex the availability group architecture is. To patch servers participating in an availability group, a secondary replica is patched first. Once the right number of replicas are patched, the primary replica is manually failed over to another node to do the upgrade. Any remaining secondary replicas at that point can be upgraded, too.
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### Always on failover cluster instances
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FCIs on their own cannot assist with a traditional migration or upgrade; an availability group or log shipping would have to be configured for the databases in the FCI and all other objects accounted for. However, FCIs under Windows Server are still a popular option for when the underlying Windows Servers need to be patched. A manual failover can be initiated, which means a brief outage instead of having the instance completely unavailable for the entire time Windows Server is being patched.
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An FCI can be upgraded in place to SQL Server 2017. For information, see [Upgrade a SQL Server Failover Cluster Instance](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/sql-server/failover-clusters/windows/upgrade-a-sql-server-failover-cluster-instance).
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An FCI can be upgraded in place to SQL Server 2017. For information, see [Upgrade a SQL Server Failover Cluster Instance](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/sql-server/failover-clusters/windows/upgrade-a-sql-server-failover-cluster-instance).
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### Log shipping
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There are two other deployment methods for SQL Server on Linux: containers and using Azure (or another public cloud provider). The general need for availability as presented throughout this paper exists regardless of how SQL Server is deployed. These two methods have some special considerations when it comes to making SQL Server highly available.
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[Containers using Docker](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-docker) are a new way of deploying SQL Server, either for Windows Server or Linux. A container is a complete image of SQL Server that is ready to run. However, there is currently no native support for clustering, and thus, direct high availability or disaster recovery. Currently, the options to make SQL Server databases available using containers would be log shipping and backup and restore. While an availability group with a cluster type of None can be configured, as noted earlier, it is not considered a true availability configuration. Microsoft is looking at ways to enable availability groups or FCIs using containers.
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[Containers using Docker](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-docker) are a new way of deploying SQL Server, either for Windows Server or Linux. A container is a complete image of SQL Server that is ready to run. However, there is currently no native support for clustering, and thus, direct high availability or disaster recovery. Currently, the options to make SQL Server databases available using containers would be log shipping and backup and restore. While an availability group with a cluster type of None can be configured, as noted earlier, it is not considered a true availability configuration. Microsoft is looking at ways to enable availability groups or FCIs using containers.
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If you are using containers today, if the container is lost, depending on the container platform, it can be deployed again and attached to the shared storage that was used. Some of this mechanism is provided by the container orchestrator. While this does provide some resiliency, there will be some downtime associated with database recovery and is not truly highly available as it would be if using an availability group or FCI.
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## <a name = "ReadScaleOut"></a> read-scale
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Since their introduction in SQL Server 2012, secondary replicas have had the ability to be used for read-only queries. There are two ways that can be achieved with an availability group: by allowing direct access to the secondary as well as [configuring read only routing](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/configure-read-only-routing-for-an-availability-group-sql-server) which requires the use of the listener. SQL Server 2016 introduced the ability to load balance read-only connections via the listener using a round robin algorithm, allowing read-only requests to be spread across all readable replicas.
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Since their introduction in SQL Server 2012, secondary replicas have had the ability to be used for read-only queries. There are two ways that can be achieved with an availability group: by allowing direct access to the secondary as well as [configuring read only routing](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/configure-read-only-routing-for-an-availability-group-sql-server) which requires the use of the listener. SQL Server 2016 introduced the ability to load balance read-only connections via the listener using a round robin algorithm, allowing read-only requests to be spread across all readable replicas.
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> [!NOTE]
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Readable secondary replicas is a feature only in Enterprise Edition, and each instance hosting a readable replica would need a SQL Server license.

docs/includes/ss-linux-cluster-availability-group-create-prereq.md

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## Prerequisites
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## Prerequisites
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Before you create the availability group, you need to:
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For more information about this XE session, see [AlwaysOn extended events](http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn135324.aspx).
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For more information about this XE session, see [AlwaysOn extended events](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn135324.aspx).
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## Create a certificate
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>For the SQL Server 2017 release, the only authentication method supported for the database mirroring endpoint is `CERTIFICATE`. The `WINDOWS` option will be enabled in a future release.
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For more information, see [The database mirroring endpoint (SQL Server)](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms179511.aspx).
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docs/includes/ss-linux-cluster-availability-group-manage-sync-commit.md

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In the following case, an availability group may still be vulnerable to data loss. In a cluster that includes five nodes, if there is an availability group with replicas on three instances of SQL Server, it is possible for the primary replica and one secondary replica to be ahead of the other secondary replica. When they are ahead, the `sequence_number` in `sys.availability_groups` will be higher than the other replicas. In this condition, if the two replicas lose connectivity with the rest of the cluster, Pacemaker may see the remaining three nodes as a quorum, and allow the latent replica to promote itself to primary. In this situation, there is potential for data loss.
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sql2017 introduces a new feature to force a certain number of secondaries to be available before any transactions can be committed on the primary. `REQUIRED_COPIES_TO_COMMIT` allows you to set a number of replicas that must commit to secondary replica database transaction logs before a transaction can proceed. You can use this option with `CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP` or `ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP`. See [CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP](http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ff878399.aspx).
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sql2017 introduces a new feature to force a certain number of secondaries to be available before any transactions can be committed on the primary. `REQUIRED_COPIES_TO_COMMIT` allows you to set a number of replicas that must commit to secondary replica database transaction logs before a transaction can proceed. You can use this option with `CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP` or `ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP`. See [CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ff878399.aspx).
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To avoid the potential of data loss described above set `REQUIRED_COPIES_TO_COMMIT` to the maximum number of synchronized replicas. Upcoming releases will have built in logic to handle setting `REQUIRED_COPIES_TO_COMMIT` automatically.
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When `REQUIRED_COPIES_TO_COMMIT` is set, transactions at the primary replica databases will wait until the transaction is committed on the required number of synchronous secondary replica database transaction logs. If enough synchronous secondary replicas are not online, transactions will stop until communication with sufficient secondary replicas resume.

docs/lp/sql-server/business-continuity.md

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<h2>Keep in touch with us</h2>
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<ul class="links">
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<a href="http://aka.ms/editsqldocs" data-linktype="external">
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<a href="https://aka.ms/editsqldocs" data-linktype="external">
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<a href="http://aka.ms/sqldocsfeedback" data-linktype="external">
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<a href="https://aka.ms/sqldocsfeedback" data-linktype="external">
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<a href="http://aka.ms/sqldocsurvey" data-linktype="external">
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<a href="https://aka.ms/sqldocsurvey" data-linktype="external">
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