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SQL Server 2017 introduces many new features or enhancements to existing ones, some of which are for availability. The biggest addition to SQL Server 2017 is the support for SQL Server on Linux distributions. For a full list of the new features in SQL Server 2017, see the topic [What's new in SQL Server](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/sql-server/what-s-new-in-sql-server-2017).
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This paper is focused on covering the availability scenarios in SQL Server 2017 as well as the new and enhanced availability features in SQL Server 2017. The scenarios include hybrid ones that will be able to span SQL Server deployments on both Windows Server and Linux, as well as ones that can increase the number of readable copies of a database. While this paper does not cover availability options external to SQL Server, such as those provided by virtualization, everything discussed here applies to SQL Server installations inside a guest virtual machine whether in the public cloud or hosted by anon premises hypervisor server.
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This article is focused on covering the availability scenarios in SQL Server 2017 as well as the new and enhanced availability features in SQL Server 2017. The scenarios include hybrid ones that will be able to span SQL Server deployments on both Windows Server and Linux, as well as ones that can increase the number of readable copies of a database. While this article does not cover availability options external to SQL Server, such as those provided by virtualization, everything discussed here applies to SQL Server installations inside a guest virtual machine whether in the public cloud or hosted by anon premises hypervisor server.
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## SQL Server 2017 scenarios using the availability features
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* Cluster types
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* REQUIRED_SECONDARIES_TO_COMMIT
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* Enhanced Microsoft Distributor Transaction Coordinator (DTC) support for Windows Server-based configurations
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* Additional scale out scenarios for read only databases (described later in this paper)
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* Additional scale out scenarios for read only databases (described later in this article)
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##### Always on availability group cluster types
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> SQL Server 2017 does not allow the ability to change a cluster type for an availability group after it is created. This means that an availability group cannot be switched from None to External or WSFC, or vice versa.
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For those who are only looking to just add additional read only copies of a database, or like what an availability group provides for migration/upgrades but do not want to be tied to the additional complexity of an underlying cluster or even the replication, an availability group with a cluster type of None is a perfect solution. For more information, see the sections “Migrations and Upgrades” and “Read Scale-out” later in this paper.
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For those who are only looking to just add additional read only copies of a database, or like what an availability group provides for migration/upgrades but do not want to be tied to the additional complexity of an underlying cluster or even the replication, an availability group with a cluster type of None is a perfect solution. For more information, see the sections [Migrations and Upgrades](#Migrations) and [Read Scale-out](#ReadScaleOut).
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The screenshot below shows the support for the different kinds of cluster types in SSMS. You must be running version 17.1 or later. The screenshot below is from version 17.2.
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### Log shipping
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Log shipping is one of the oldest methods of providing disaster recovery for SQL Server databases. Log shipping is often used in conjunction with availability groups and FCIs to provide cost-effective and simpler disaster recovery where other options may be challenging due to environment, administrative skills, or budget. Similar to the high availability story for log shipping, many environments will delay the loading of a transaction log to account for human error.
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## Migrations and upgrades
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## <aname = "Migrations"></a> Migrations and upgrades
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When deploying new instances or upgrading old ones, a business cannot tolerate long outage. This section will discuss how the availability features of SQL Server can be used to minimize the downtime in a planned architecture change, server switch, platform change (such as Windows Server to Linux or vice versa), or during patching.
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Since log shipping is just based on backup and restore, and there are no differences in the databases, file structures, etc., for SQL Server on Windows Server versus SQL Server on Linux. This means that log shipping can be configured between a Windows Server-based SQL Server installation and a Linux one as well as between distributions of Linux. Everything else remains the same. The only caveat is that log shipping, just like an availability group, cannot work when the source is at a higher SQL Server major version against a target that is at a lower version of SQL Server.
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## Read scaleout
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## <aname = "ReadScaleOut"></a> Read scale-out
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Since their introduction in SQL Server 2012, secondary replicas have had the ability to be used for read-only queries. There are two ways that can be achieved with an availability group: by allowing direct access to the secondary as well as [configuring read only routing](http://docs.microsoft.com/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/configure-read-only-routing-for-an-availability-group-sql-server) which requires the use of the listener. SQL Server 2016 introduced the ability to load balance read-only connections via the listener using a round robin algorithm, allowing read-only requests to be spread across all readable replicas.
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A log shipping warm standby can technically be configured for readable usage by restoring the database WITH STANDBY. However, because the transaction logs require exclusive use of the database for restoration, it means that users cannot be accessing the database while that happens. This makes log shipping a less than ideal solution – especially if near real-time data is required.
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One thing that should be noted for all read scaleout scenarios with availability groups is that unlike using transactional replication where all of the data is live, each secondary replica is not in a state where unique indexes can be applied, the replica is an exact copy of the primary. This means that if any indexes are required for reporting or data needs to be manipulated, it must be done on the database(s) on the primary replica. If you need that flexibility, replication is a better solution for readable data.
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One thing that should be noted for all read scale-out scenarios with availability groups is that unlike using transactional replication where all of the data is live, each secondary replica is not in a state where unique indexes can be applied, the replica is an exact copy of the primary. This means that if any indexes are required for reporting or data needs to be manipulated, it must be done on the database(s) on the primary replica. If you need that flexibility, replication is a better solution for readable data.
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