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A Gentle Introduction and Survey on Computing with Words (CWW) Methodologies

Prashant K. Gupta, Javier Andreu-Perez
2022 Neurocomputing  

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2022 pre-print arXiv:2208.06532v1 fatcat:mreqrufggvdo7pttbbxkrdvzb4
The interest in the field of CWW is evident from a number of publications on various CWW methodologies. These methodologies use different ways to model the semantics of the LI.  ...  We feel that the simplicity with which we give a high-quality review and introduction to the CWW methodologies is very useful for investigators, especially those embarking on the use of CWW for the first  ...  Encoder The encoder converts the words into their nine point IT2 FS models, which form the numeric representations for the linguistic information.  ... 
doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2022.05.097 fatcat:jvmjpszlxfhzrmxkx4wcgp6wly
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Prashant K. Gupta, Javier Andreu-Perez. "A Gentle Introduction and Survey on Computing with Words (CWW) Methodologies." Neurocomputing (2022)

CWW enhanced fuzzy SWOT evaluation for risk analysis and decision making under uncertainty

Zygimantas Meskauskas
2019 International Conference on Information Technologies  

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Without question, it is seen as an obligatory tool on both the governmental level, as well the personal.  ...  Until now, all data had to be collected from the experts and the decision makers in numerical form, and be presented in numerical form.  ...  The main idea of SWOT enhanced CWW network is to use one SWOT analysis results as an influence on another connected SWOT analysis results. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to thank prof.  ... 
dblp:conf/ivus/Meskauskas19 fatcat:jb7yqbvyarhojkvlle3fjyzsne
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Zygimantas Meskauskas. "CWW enhanced fuzzy SWOT evaluation for risk analysis and decision making under uncertainty." International Conference on Information Technologies (2019) 38-42

Challenges for Perceptual Computer Applications and How They Were Overcome

J. M. Mendel, Dongrui Wu
2012 IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine  

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The outputs of the encoder activate a CWW engine whose output is one or more other fuzzy sets, which are then mapped by the decoder into a recommendation (subjective judgment) with supporting data.  ...  This article introduces the Perceptual Computer (Per-C), our instantiation of Perceptual Computing. Per-C consists of three components: encoder, CWW engine and decoder.  ...  ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank the Wiley-IEEE Press for giving them the permission to reproduce materials from  ... 
doi:10.1109/mci.2012.2200627 fatcat:3thbzp7nhrbvdhzwgxw3uq4rqa
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J. M. Mendel, Dongrui Wu. "Challenges for Perceptual Computer Applications and How They Were Overcome." IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 7.3 (2012) 36-47

Using Computing with Words for Selecting Projects in Field of Fuel Consumption Reduction

Ali Khalilo, Soheil Sadi-Nezhad, Seyed Esmaeil Najafi, Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi
2015 Indian Journal of Science and Technology  

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The Per-C has three components: an Encoder, which maps words into IT2 FS models; a CWW engine, which operates on the input words and whose outputs are FOU(s); and a Decoder, which maps these FOU(s) into  ...  We used the Interval Approach (IA) for Decoding, Linguistic Weighted Average (LWA) method is used in CWW engine and Centroid method is used for Decoding.  ...  Author Contributions All the authors contributed equally to this work. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References  ... 
doi:10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i15/70582 fatcat:se2ywvfgobhu3olt6fgy6q6o5u
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Ali Khalilo, Soheil Sadi-Nezhad, Seyed Esmaeil Najafi, Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi. "Using Computing with Words for Selecting Projects in Field of Fuel Consumption Reduction." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 8.15 (2015)

Computing with words for student strategy evaluation in an examination

Prashant K. Gupta, Pranab K. Muhuri
2018 Granular Computing  

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2020 pre-print arXiv:2005.00868v1 fatcat:cxiafgrborg2jh3jy3a6bvzfpi
The main contribution of this paper is to illustrate the use of CWW for student strategy evaluation and present a comparison of the recommendations generated by different CWW approaches.  ...  CWW provides us with two major advantages. First, it generates a numeric score for the overall evaluation of strategy adopted by a student in the examination.  ...  The perceptual computer consists of three building blocks: the Encoder, CWW engine and the Decoder. The task of the encoder is to map the words into their IT2 FS models.  ... 
doi:10.1007/s41066-018-0109-2 fatcat:xlhcoh4v5ba2bjrnbwymtewfvu
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Prashant K. Gupta, Pranab K. Muhuri. "Computing with words for student strategy evaluation in an examination." Granular Computing 4.2 (2018)

Employing an Enhanced Interval Approach to encode words into Linear General Type-2 fuzzy sets for Computing With Words applications

Aysenur Bilgin, Hani Hagras, Daniyal Alghazzawi, Areej Malibari, Mohammed J. Alhaddad
2015 2015 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)  

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This paper proposes employing an Enhanced Interval Approach (EIA) to create Linear General Type-2 (LGT2) fuzzy sets from Interval Type-2 (IT2) fuzzy sets to encode words for CWWs applications.  ...  One of the main challenges which faced the CWWs paradigm has been modelling words adequately. Mendel has pointed out that the CWWs paradigm should employ type-2 fuzzy logic to model words.  ...  In essence, Mendel encourages the use of type-2 FL (in particular interval type-2 (IT2) FL [6] , [7] , [8] ) to adequately encode words for Per-C, which is an architecture for CWWs paradigm.  ... 
doi:10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7337848 dblp:conf/fuzzIEEE/BilginHAMA15 fatcat:dheofpcfrjbk5mkiolxtez2l5y
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Aysenur Bilgin, Hani Hagras, Daniyal Alghazzawi, Areej Malibari, Mohammed J. Alhaddad. "Employing an Enhanced Interval Approach to encode words into Linear General Type-2 fuzzy sets for Computing With Words applications." 2015 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) (2015) 1-8

Perceptual Reasoning: A New Computing with Words Engine

Jerry M. Mendel, Dongrui Wu
2007 2007 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC 2007)  

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The encoder of the Per-C transforms words, in an application-dependent wordcodebook, into IT2 FSs. The central element of the Per-C is the CWW engine, which maps IT2 FSs to IT2 FSs.  ...  This is very important for CWW, because the last component of the Per-C is a decoder which converts the CWW output IT2 FS back into a word, e.g. a word whose IT2 FS is most similar to it.  ...  In Fig. 1 , the encoder 1 transforms linguistic perceptions into IT2 FSs that activate a CWW engine.  ... 
doi:10.1109/grc.2007.55 dblp:conf/grc/MendelW07 fatcat:aeou5ktvlndnhkixfgorll6opq
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Jerry M. Mendel, Dongrui Wu. "Perceptual Reasoning: A New Computing with Words Engine." 2007 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC 2007) (2007) 446-451

Perceptual Reasoning: A New Computing with Words Engine

Jerry M. Mendel, Dongrui Wu
2007 2007 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC 2007)  

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The encoder of the Per-C transforms words, in an application-dependent wordcodebook, into IT2 FSs. The central element of the Per-C is the CWW engine, which maps IT2 FSs to IT2 FSs.  ...  This is very important for CWW, because the last component of the Per-C is a decoder which converts the CWW output IT2 FS back into a word, e.g. a word whose IT2 FS is most similar to it.  ...  In Fig. 1 , the encoder 1 transforms linguistic perceptions into IT2 FSs that activate a CWW engine.  ... 
doi:10.1109/grc.2007.4403140 fatcat:375sz6zb6zaxnehvjgtfz2h6em
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Jerry M. Mendel, Dongrui Wu. "Perceptual Reasoning: A New Computing with Words Engine." 2007 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC 2007) (2007)

The Z-Number Enigma: A Study through an Experiment [chapter]

Romi Banerjee, Sankar K. Pal
2013 Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing  

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of the Z-number in the area of CWW.  ...  Here, we enlist the probable contributions of the Z-number to CWW, present our algorithm for CWW using the Z-number, and describe a simulation of the technique with respect to a reallife example of CWW  ...  The Computing With Words (CWW) paradigm, coined by Zadeh in 1996, draws inspiration from the remarkable perception-based decision-making ability of the human brain; the perceptions being encoded in the  ... 
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34922-5_6 fatcat:vpvlkcp2wbhadnswcxj3glpimi
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Romi Banerjee, Sankar K. Pal. "The Z-Number Enigma: A Study through an Experiment." Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing (2013) 71-88

Transcriptome Analysis of the Chinese White Wax Scale Ericerus pela with Focus on Genes Involved in Wax Biosynthesis

Pu Yang, Jia-Ying Zhu, Zhong-Jun Gong, Dong-Li Xu, Xiao-Ming Chen, Wei-Wei Liu, Xin-Da Lin, Yan-Fei Li, Zhanjiang Liu
2012 PLoS ONE  

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The wax secreted by the male scale insect during the secondinstar larval stage has been widespread used in wax candle production, wax printing, engraving, Chinese medicine, and more recently in the chemical  ...  However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for white wax biosynthesis. The characterization of its larval transcriptome may promote better understanding of wax biosynthesis.  ...  The CWWS are widely distributed in most parts of China and elsewhere, Japan, and the Korean peninsula from the subtropics to temperate regions [2] .  ... 
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035719 pmid:22536429 pmcid:PMC3334986 fatcat:yw55g65wgnd4rkrd7mrk64v26i
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Pu Yang, Jia-Ying Zhu, Zhong-Jun Gong, Dong-Li Xu, Xiao-Ming Chen, Wei-Wei Liu, Xin-Da Lin, Yan-Fei Li, Zhanjiang Liu. "Transcriptome Analysis of the Chinese White Wax Scale Ericerus pela with Focus on Genes Involved in Wax Biosynthesis." PLoS ONE 7.4 (2012) e35719

From Public Polls to Tweets: Developing an Algorithm for Classifying Sentiment from Twitter Based on Computing with Words

Saad M. Darwish, Magda M. Madbouly, Mohamed A. Hassan
2016 Journal of Computers  

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The experimental results show that it is feasible to use CWW to classify sentiment.  ...  CWW can provide a solid basis for the computational theory of perceptions under the environments of imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth.  ...  By using part-of-speech tagging (feature); each token has its corresponding part of speech (e.g. token-POS) that is used to weight emotions.  ... 
doi:10.17706/jcp.11.3.238-246 fatcat:xxkbkksgufhjvkskyc353p7pwu
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Saad M. Darwish, Magda M. Madbouly, Mohamed A. Hassan. "From Public Polls to Tweets: Developing an Algorithm for Classifying Sentiment from Twitter Based on Computing with Words." Journal of Computers 11.3 (2016) 238-246

What Computing with Words Means to Me [Discussion Forum

Jerry Mendel, Lotfi Zadeh, Enric Trillas, Ronald Yager, Jonathan Lawry, Hani Hagras, Sergio Guadarrama
2010 IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine  

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The Per-C has three components: (1) Encoder that maps words into fuzzy set models; (2) CWW Engine 6 that maps its input fuzzy sets into its output fuzzy sets; and, (3) Decoder that maps the CWW Engine's  ...  ; (3) Map that data into a fuzzy set model for each word [the results of Steps (1)-(3) lead to the Codebook for the application, and Steps (2) and (3) implement the Encoder]; (4) Establish which CWW Engine  ...  The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, Parts I, II and III" [Inf.  ... 
doi:10.1109/mci.2009.934561 fatcat:uelzawao2rg2lfkc2jhuqs72oe
Citation

Jerry Mendel, Lotfi Zadeh, Enric Trillas, Ronald Yager, Jonathan Lawry, Hani Hagras, Sergio Guadarrama. "What Computing with Words Means to Me [Discussion Forum." IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 5.1 (2010) 20-26

A perceptual computing-based method to prioritize failure modes in failure mode and effect analysis and its application to edible bird nest farming

Kok Chin Chai, Chian Haur Jong, Kai Meng Tay, Chee Peng Lim
2016 Applied Soft Computing  

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Encoder Define linguistic grades 2. CWW Aggregate assessments from FMEA users 3. Decoder Part 1. Jaccard Similarity approach Part 2.  ...  The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed model.  ...  Encoder Define linguistic grades 2. CWW Aggregate assessments from FMEA users 3. Decoder Part 1. Jaccard Similarity approach Part 2.  ... 
doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2016.08.043 fatcat:oyttkxrpcrclnlaj55bshmhd3a
Citation

Kok Chin Chai, Chian Haur Jong, Kai Meng Tay, Chee Peng Lim. "A perceptual computing-based method to prioritize failure modes in failure mode and effect analysis and its application to edible bird nest farming." Applied Soft Computing (2016) 734-747

An architecture based on computing with words to support runtime reconfiguration decisions of service-based systems

Romina Torres, Rodrigo Salas, Nelly Bencomo, Hernan Astudillo
2018 International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems  

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(CWW) architecture to dynamically assess the models by using a multi-period multi-attribute decision making (MP-MADM) approach.  ...  On the one hand, if the updates are not quickly enough, the reconfigurations that are required may not be detected due to the obsolescence of the specification models used at runtime, which were specified  ...  The work of R. Salas was supported by the grant FONDEF IDeA ID16I10322. H.Astudillo was partially supported by FONDECYT Grant 1140408  ... 
doi:10.2991/ijcis.11.1.21 fatcat:whowgaz3l5ckzpwuwdfrmxhxsi
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Romina Torres, Rodrigo Salas, Nelly Bencomo, Hernan Astudillo. "An architecture based on computing with words to support runtime reconfiguration decisions of service-based systems." International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems 11.1 (2018) 272

A Linear General Type-2 Fuzzy-Logic-Based Computing With Words Approach for Realizing an Ambient Intelligent Platform for Cooking Recipe Recommendation

Aysenur Bilgin, Hani Hagras, Joy van Helvert, Daniyal Alghazzawi
2016 IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems  

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The proposed CWWs framework is based on Linear General Type-2 (LGT2) Fuzzy Sets, which linearly quantify the linguistic modifiers in the third dimension in order to better represent the user perceptions  ...  The LGT2 based CWWs framework can learn from user experiences and adapt to them in order to establish more natural human-machine interaction.  ...  ACKNOWLEDGMENT Special gratitude to Prof Jerry Mendel for his valuable contributions to the discussions, feedback and suggestions reported in this paper.  ... 
doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2015.2453400 fatcat:oxk3neqocjev5lef5ogafzqrvm
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Aysenur Bilgin, Hani Hagras, Joy van Helvert, Daniyal Alghazzawi. "A Linear General Type-2 Fuzzy-Logic-Based Computing With Words Approach for Realizing an Ambient Intelligent Platform for Cooking Recipe Recommendation." IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems 24.2 (2016) 306-329

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